Everything about Cardinal Moroni totally explained
Giovanni Morone or
Moroni (
25 January 1509 -
1 December 1580) was an
Italian cardinal. He was named
Bishop of Modena in
1529 and was created Cardinal Morone in 1536 by
Pope Paul III. As a cardinal, he resided in the
Vatican's
Apostolic Palace and was consulted by
Saint Ignatius, founder of the
Jesuits.
Biography
Morone was born in
Milan, where his father, Count
Leronimo Morone (d. 1529), was grand chancellor. His father, who had been imprisoned for opposing encroachments on the liberties of Milan by
Charles V (whom he afterwards cordially supported), removed to
Modena, where his youngest son had most of his early education. Proceeding to Padua he studied jurisprudence with distinction. In return for important service rendered by his father, he was in 1527 nominated by
Pope Clement VIII to the see of Modena, and consecrated in 1533 after a contest.
From 1535 he was constantly entrusted by
Pope Paul III with diplomatic missions; he was sent as nuncio in
1536 to
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, then in
1540 to
Hagenau and
Worms in an attempt to reclaim those areas for the
Catholic Church. Morone was legate to the
Diet of Speyer (1542) having successfully resisted the transfer of the diet to Hagenau on account of
the plague (1540). On the 31st of May 1542 he was made cardinal, and was further nominated protector of
England,
Hungary,
Austria, of several religious orders, and of the santa casa at
Loreto. With the cardinals
Pier Paolo Parisio and
Reginald Pole he was deputed to open the Council of Trent (November 1542), the place of meeting having been a concession to his diplomacy. The legates arrived on the 22nd of November, but no council assembled. The death of Paul III (1549) deprived him of a good friend.
The views of the Reformers had spread in his
diocese, and he was suspected of temporizing with them. He resigned (1550) in favor of the Dominican
Egidio Foscherari, reserving to himself an annual pension and the patronage of livings.
Pope Julius III, at the instance of the
Duke of Milan, gave him the rich
see of Novara (which he resigned in 1560 for the see of Albano) and sent him as nuncio to the diet of Augsburg (1555), from which he was immediately recalled by the death of Julius (March 23).
In June 1557
Pope Paul IV imprisoned him in the
castle of St Angelo (with others, including Pole, and Foscherari), on suspicion of
Lutheran heresy. The prosecution entirely failed, and Morone might have had his liberty, but refused to leave prison unless Paul IV publicly acknowledged his innocence. He remained incarcerated until the pope's death (Aug. 18, 1559). It is believed that Paul IV published his
Cum ex Apostolatus Officio to prevent Cardinal Morone from being elected the next
Pope because he suspected Morone of being in league with Protestants.
Pope Pius IV was actually elected, so the matter was never resolved.
Morone continued to explore issues within the Church and between Catholics and Protestants in hopes of reuniting the two sides. He commissioned
Nicholas Sander to research the progress of
Protestantism in
England, resulting in the publication of the
Report on the State of England in
1560. In
1562, Morone assisted Pius IV in restarting the
Council of Trent. He served as its last chair under Pius IV and helped the Council to create the
Tridentine Creed.
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